The common fibular nerve is responsible for sensation inferolaterally to the knee via the lateral sural cutaneous nerve, which is a small cutaneous branch off the common fibular nerve. These nerves also carry some posterolateral sensation, albeit minimal. The deep fibular nerve carries sensory fibers from between the first and second toes. Specifically, the superficial fibular nerve carries sensory fibers from the anterolateral aspect of the lower extremity that extends from midway down the leg to the majority of the dorsal aspect of the foot and toes. The majority of anterior sensation of the leg is carried by the superficial fibular nerve however, the deep fibular nerve carries some as well. In addition to carrying motor fibers, the common fibular nerve carries afferent cutaneous sensory fibers from the lower extremity that ultimately travel proximally to the spinal cord. This compartment is responsible primarily for the eversion of the foot. The lateral muscular compartment of the lower extremity consists of the fibularis longus muscle and the fibularis brevis muscle. This compartment is responsible primarily for the dorsiflexion of the foot. The anterior muscular compartment of the lower extremity consists of the tibialis anterior muscle, the extensor hallucis longus muscle, and the extensor digitorum longus muscle. The common fibular nerve is ultimately responsible for innervating the muscles that compose the anterior and lateral muscular compartments of the lower extremity. The lateral branch travels alongside the lateral tarsal artery and terminates near the fifth metatarsal. The medial branch travels alongside the dorsalis pedis artery and terminates in between the first two metatarsals. As the nerve approaches the foot just anterior to the talus, it divides into medial and lateral branches. These muscles include the extensor hallucis longus muscle and the tibialis anterior muscle. As the deep fibular nerve travels distally, it runs within the anterior compartment of the leg between two muscles. The deep fibular nerve courses anteriorly and runs adjacent to the anterior tibial artery between the extensor digitorum longus muscle and the tibialis anterior muscle.
The superficial fibular nerve courses anterolaterally between the fibularis longus muscle and extensor digitorum longus muscle within the lateral compartment.Īs it moves distally, it terminates within the lateral compartment before reaching the ankle and foot. Just inferior and lateral to the fibular head, it divides into two nerves at the fibular neck–the superficial and deep fibular nerves. Specifically, it originates from the sciatic nerve and separates from it proximal to the popliteal fossa, and courses its way along the posterolateral aspect of the leg deep to the long head of the biceps femoris and through the popliteal fossa before passing behind the proximal fibular head. As one of the two major branches off the sciatic nerve, it receives fibers from the posterior divisions of L4 through S2. The common peroneal nerve, also known as the common fibular nerve, is a major nerve that innervates the lower extremity.
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